<?php

/**
 * Global variable that holds information about the tests being run.
 *
 * An array, with the following keys:
 *  - 'test_run_id': the ID of the test being run, in the form 'simpletest_%"
 *  - 'in_child_site': TRUE if the current request is a cURL request from
 *     the parent site.
 *
 * @var array
 */
global $drupal_test_info;

/**
 * Base class for Drupal tests.
 *
 * Do not extend this class, use one of the subclasses in this file.
 */
abstract class DrupalTestCase {
	/**
	 * The test run ID.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $testId;

	/**
	 * The database prefix of this test run.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $databasePrefix = NULL;

	/**
	 * The original file directory, before it was changed for testing purposes.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $originalFileDirectory = NULL;

	/**
	 * Time limit for the test.
	 */
	protected $timeLimit = 500;

	/**
	 * Current results of this test case.
	 *
	 * @var Array
	 */
	public $results = array(
			'#pass' => 0,
			'#fail' => 0,
			'#exception' => 0,
			'#debug' => 0,
	);

	/**
	 * Assertions thrown in that test case.
	 *
	 * @var Array
	 */
	protected $assertions = array();

	/**
	 * This class is skipped when looking for the source of an assertion.
	 *
	 * When displaying which function an assert comes from, it's not too useful
	 * to see "drupalWebTestCase->drupalLogin()', we would like to see the test
	 * that called it. So we need to skip the classes defining these helper
	 * methods.
	 */
	protected $skipClasses = array(__CLASS__ => TRUE);

	/**
	 * Flag to indicate whether the test has been set up.
	 *
	 * The setUp() method isolates the test from the parent Drupal site by
	 * creating a random prefix for the database and setting up a clean file
	 * storage directory. The tearDown() method then cleans up this test
	 * environment. We must ensure that setUp() has been run. Otherwise,
	 * tearDown() will act on the parent Drupal site rather than the test
	 * environment, destroying live data.
	 */
	protected $setup = FALSE;

	/**
	 * Constructor for DrupalTestCase.
	 *
	 * @param $test_id
	 *   Tests with the same id are reported together.
	 */
	public function __construct($test_id = NULL) {
		$this->testId = $test_id;
	}

	/**
	 * Internal helper: stores the assert.
	 *
	 * @param $status
	 *   Can be 'pass', 'fail', 'exception'.
	 *   TRUE is a synonym for 'pass', FALSE for 'fail'.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message string.
	 * @param $group
	 *   Which group this assert belongs to.
	 * @param $caller
	 *   By default, the assert comes from a function whose name starts with
	 *   'test'. Instead, you can specify where this assert originates from
	 *   by passing in an associative array as $caller. Key 'file' is
	 *   the name of the source file, 'line' is the line number and 'function'
	 *   is the caller function itself.
	 */
	protected function assert($status, $message = '', $group = 'Other', array $caller = NULL) {
		// Convert boolean status to string status.
		if (is_bool($status)) {
			$status = $status ? 'pass' : 'fail';
		}

		// Increment summary result counter.
		$this->results['#' . $status]++;

		// Get the function information about the call to the assertion method.
		if (!$caller) {
			$caller = $this->getAssertionCall();
		}

		// Creation assertion array that can be displayed while tests are running.
		$this->assertions[] = $assertion = array(
				'test_id' => $this->testId,
				'test_class' => get_class($this),
				'status' => $status,
				'message' => $message,
				'message_group' => $group,
				'function' => $caller['function'],
				'line' => $caller['line'],
				'file' => $caller['file'],
		);

		// Store assertion for display after the test has completed.
		try {
			$connection = Database::getConnection('default', 'simpletest_original_default');
		}
		catch (DatabaseConnectionNotDefinedException $e) {
			// If the test was not set up, the simpletest_original_default
			// connection does not exist.
			$connection = Database::getConnection('default', 'default');
		}
		$connection
		->insert('simpletest')
		->fields($assertion)
		->execute();

		// We do not use a ternary operator here to allow a breakpoint on
		// test failure.
		if ($status == 'pass') {
			return TRUE;
		}
		else {
			return FALSE;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Store an assertion from outside the testing context.
	 *
	 * This is useful for inserting assertions that can only be recorded after
	 * the test case has been destroyed, such as PHP fatal errors. The caller
	 * information is not automatically gathered since the caller is most likely
	 * inserting the assertion on behalf of other code. In all other respects
	 * the method behaves just like DrupalTestCase::assert() in terms of storing
	 * the assertion.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   Message ID of the stored assertion.
	 *
	 * @see DrupalTestCase::assert()
	 * @see DrupalTestCase::deleteAssert()
	 */
	public static function insertAssert($test_id, $test_class, $status, $message = '', $group = 'Other', array $caller = array()) {
		// Convert boolean status to string status.
		if (is_bool($status)) {
			$status = $status ? 'pass' : 'fail';
		}

		$caller += array(
				'function' => t('Unknown'),
				'line' => 0,
				'file' => t('Unknown'),
		);

		$assertion = array(
				'test_id' => $test_id,
				'test_class' => $test_class,
				'status' => $status,
				'message' => $message,
				'message_group' => $group,
				'function' => $caller['function'],
				'line' => $caller['line'],
				'file' => $caller['file'],
		);

		return db_insert('simpletest')
		->fields($assertion)
		->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Delete an assertion record by message ID.
	 *
	 * @param $message_id
	 *   Message ID of the assertion to delete.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion was deleted, FALSE otherwise.
	 *
	 * @see DrupalTestCase::insertAssert()
	 */
	public static function deleteAssert($message_id) {
		return (bool) db_delete('simpletest')
		->condition('message_id', $message_id)
		->execute();
	}

	/**
	 * Cycles through backtrace until the first non-assertion method is found.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   Array representing the true caller.
	 */
	protected function getAssertionCall() {
		$backtrace = debug_backtrace();

		// The first element is the call. The second element is the caller.
		// We skip calls that occurred in one of the methods of our base classes
		// or in an assertion function.
		while (($caller = $backtrace[1]) &&
				((isset($caller['class']) && isset($this->skipClasses[$caller['class']])) ||
						substr($caller['function'], 0, 6) == 'assert')) {
			// We remove that call.
			array_shift($backtrace);
		}

		return _drupal_get_last_caller($backtrace);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if a value is not false (not an empty string, 0, NULL, or FALSE).
	 *
	 * @param $value
	 *   The value on which the assertion is to be done.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertTrue($value, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert((bool) $value, $message ? $message : t('Value @value is TRUE.', array('@value' => var_export($value, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if a value is false (an empty string, 0, NULL, or FALSE).
	 *
	 * @param $value
	 *   The value on which the assertion is to be done.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertFalse($value, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert(!$value, $message ? $message : t('Value @value is FALSE.', array('@value' => var_export($value, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if a value is NULL.
	 *
	 * @param $value
	 *   The value on which the assertion is to be done.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNull($value, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert(!isset($value), $message ? $message : t('Value @value is NULL.', array('@value' => var_export($value, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if a value is not NULL.
	 *
	 * @param $value
	 *   The value on which the assertion is to be done.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNotNull($value, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert(isset($value), $message ? $message : t('Value @value is not NULL.', array('@value' => var_export($value, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if two values are equal.
	 *
	 * @param $first
	 *   The first value to check.
	 * @param $second
	 *   The second value to check.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertEqual($first, $second, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert($first == $second, $message ? $message : t('Value @first is equal to value @second.', array('@first' => var_export($first, TRUE), '@second' => var_export($second, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if two values are not equal.
	 *
	 * @param $first
	 *   The first value to check.
	 * @param $second
	 *   The second value to check.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNotEqual($first, $second, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert($first != $second, $message ? $message : t('Value @first is not equal to value @second.', array('@first' => var_export($first, TRUE), '@second' => var_export($second, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if two values are identical.
	 *
	 * @param $first
	 *   The first value to check.
	 * @param $second
	 *   The second value to check.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertIdentical($first, $second, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert($first === $second, $message ? $message : t('Value @first is identical to value @second.', array('@first' => var_export($first, TRUE), '@second' => var_export($second, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Check to see if two values are not identical.
	 *
	 * @param $first
	 *   The first value to check.
	 * @param $second
	 *   The second value to check.
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNotIdentical($first, $second, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert($first !== $second, $message ? $message : t('Value @first is not identical to value @second.', array('@first' => var_export($first, TRUE), '@second' => var_export($second, TRUE))), $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Fire an assertion that is always positive.
	 *
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE.
	 */
	protected function pass($message = NULL, $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert(TRUE, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Fire an assertion that is always negative.
	 *
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @return
	 *   FALSE.
	 */
	protected function fail($message = NULL, $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assert(FALSE, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Fire an error assertion.
	 *
	 * @param $message
	 *   The message to display along with the assertion.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The type of assertion - examples are "Browser", "PHP".
	 * @param $caller
	 *   The caller of the error.
	 * @return
	 *   FALSE.
	 */
	protected function error($message = '', $group = 'Other', array $caller = NULL) {
		if ($group == 'User notice') {
			// Since 'User notice' is set by trigger_error() which is used for debug
			// set the message to a status of 'debug'.
			return $this->assert('debug', $message, 'Debug', $caller);
		}

		return $this->assert('exception', $message, $group, $caller);
	}

	/**
	 * Logs verbose message in a text file.
	 *
	 * The a link to the vebose message will be placed in the test results via
	 * as a passing assertion with the text '[verbose message]'.
	 *
	 * @param $message
	 *   The verbose message to be stored.
	 *
	 * @see simpletest_verbose()
	 */
	protected function verbose($message) {
		if ($id = simpletest_verbose($message)) {
			$url = file_create_url($this->originalFileDirectory . '/simpletest/verbose/' . get_class($this) . '-' . $id . '.html');
			$this->error(l(t('Verbose message'), $url, array('attributes' => array('target' => '_blank'))), 'User notice');
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Run all tests in this class.
	 *
	 * Regardless of whether $methods are passed or not, only method names
	 * starting with "test" are executed.
	 *
	 * @param $methods
	 *   (optional) A list of method names in the test case class to run; e.g.,
	 *   array('testFoo', 'testBar'). By default, all methods of the class are
	 *   taken into account, but it can be useful to only run a few selected test
	 *   methods during debugging.
	 */
	public function run(array $methods = array()) {
		// Initialize verbose debugging.
		simpletest_verbose(NULL, variable_get('file_public_path', conf_path() . '/files'), get_class($this));

		// HTTP auth settings (<username>:<password>) for the simpletest browser
		// when sending requests to the test site.
		$this->httpauth_method = variable_get('simpletest_httpauth_method', CURLAUTH_BASIC);
		$username = variable_get('simpletest_httpauth_username', NULL);
		$password = variable_get('simpletest_httpauth_password', NULL);
		if ($username && $password) {
			$this->httpauth_credentials = $username . ':' . $password;
		}

		set_error_handler(array($this, 'errorHandler'));
		$class = get_class($this);
		// Iterate through all the methods in this class, unless a specific list of
		// methods to run was passed.
		$class_methods = get_class_methods($class);
		if ($methods) {
			$class_methods = array_intersect($class_methods, $methods);
		}
		foreach ($class_methods as $method) {
			// If the current method starts with "test", run it - it's a test.
			if (strtolower(substr($method, 0, 4)) == 'test') {
				// Insert a fail record. This will be deleted on completion to ensure
				// that testing completed.
				$method_info = new ReflectionMethod($class, $method);
				$caller = array(
						'file' => $method_info->getFileName(),
						'line' => $method_info->getStartLine(),
						'function' => $class . '->' . $method . '()',
				);
				$completion_check_id = DrupalTestCase::insertAssert($this->testId, $class, FALSE, t('The test did not complete due to a fatal error.'), 'Completion check', $caller);
				$this->setUp();
				if ($this->setup) {
					try {
						$this->$method();
						// Finish up.
					}
					catch (Exception $e) {
						$this->exceptionHandler($e);
					}
					$this->tearDown();
				}
				else {
					$this->fail(t("The test cannot be executed because it has not been set up properly."));
				}
				// Remove the completion check record.
				DrupalTestCase::deleteAssert($completion_check_id);
			}
		}
		// Clear out the error messages and restore error handler.
		drupal_get_messages();
		restore_error_handler();
	}

	/**
	 * Handle errors during test runs.
	 *
	 * Because this is registered in set_error_handler(), it has to be public.
	 * @see set_error_handler
	 */
	public function errorHandler($severity, $message, $file = NULL, $line = NULL) {
		if ($severity & error_reporting()) {
			$error_map = array(
					E_STRICT => 'Run-time notice',
					E_WARNING => 'Warning',
					E_NOTICE => 'Notice',
					E_CORE_ERROR => 'Core error',
					E_CORE_WARNING => 'Core warning',
					E_USER_ERROR => 'User error',
					E_USER_WARNING => 'User warning',
					E_USER_NOTICE => 'User notice',
					E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR => 'Recoverable error',
			);

			$backtrace = debug_backtrace();
			$this->error($message, $error_map[$severity], _drupal_get_last_caller($backtrace));
		}
		return TRUE;
	}

	/**
	 * Handle exceptions.
	 *
	 * @see set_exception_handler
	 */
	protected function exceptionHandler($exception) {
		$backtrace = $exception->getTrace();
		// Push on top of the backtrace the call that generated the exception.
		array_unshift($backtrace, array(
				'line' => $exception->getLine(),
				'file' => $exception->getFile(),
		));
		require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc';
		// The exception message is run through check_plain() by _drupal_decode_exception().
		$this->error(t('%type: !message in %function (line %line of %file).', _drupal_decode_exception($exception)), 'Uncaught exception', _drupal_get_last_caller($backtrace));
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a random string of ASCII characters of codes 32 to 126.
	 *
	 * The generated string includes alpha-numeric characters and common misc
	 * characters. Use this method when testing general input where the content
	 * is not restricted.
	 *
	 * @param $length
	 *   Length of random string to generate.
	 * @return
	 *   Randomly generated string.
	 */
	public static function randomString($length = 8) {
		$str = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
			$str .= chr(mt_rand(32, 126));
		}
		return $str;
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a random string containing letters and numbers.
	 *
	 * The string will always start with a letter. The letters may be upper or
	 * lower case. This method is better for restricted inputs that do not
	 * accept certain characters. For example, when testing input fields that
	 * require machine readable values (i.e. without spaces and non-standard
	 * characters) this method is best.
	 *
	 * @param $length
	 *   Length of random string to generate.
	 * @return
	 *   Randomly generated string.
	 */
	public static function randomName($length = 8) {
		$values = array_merge(range(65, 90), range(97, 122), range(48, 57));
		$max = count($values) - 1;
		$str = chr(mt_rand(97, 122));
		for ($i = 1; $i < $length; $i++) {
			$str .= chr($values[mt_rand(0, $max)]);
		}
		return $str;
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a list of possible parameters into a stack of permutations.
	 *
	 * Takes a list of parameters containing possible values, and converts all of
	 * them into a list of items containing every possible permutation.
	 *
	 * Example:
	 * @code
	 * $parameters = array(
	 *   'one' => array(0, 1),
	 *   'two' => array(2, 3),
	 * );
	 * $permutations = $this->permute($parameters);
	 * // Result:
	 * $permutations == array(
	 *   array('one' => 0, 'two' => 2),
	 *   array('one' => 1, 'two' => 2),
	 *   array('one' => 0, 'two' => 3),
	 *   array('one' => 1, 'two' => 3),
	 * )
	 * @endcode
	 *
	 * @param $parameters
	 *   An associative array of parameters, keyed by parameter name, and whose
	 *   values are arrays of parameter values.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   A list of permutations, which is an array of arrays. Each inner array
	 *   contains the full list of parameters that have been passed, but with a
	 *   single value only.
	 */
	public static function generatePermutations($parameters) {
		$all_permutations = array(array());
		foreach ($parameters as $parameter => $values) {
			$new_permutations = array();
			// Iterate over all values of the parameter.
			foreach ($values as $value) {
				// Iterate over all existing permutations.
				foreach ($all_permutations as $permutation) {
					// Add the new parameter value to existing permutations.
					$new_permutations[] = $permutation + array($parameter => $value);
				}
			}
			// Replace the old permutations with the new permutations.
			$all_permutations = $new_permutations;
		}
		return $all_permutations;
	}
}

/**
 * Test case for Drupal unit tests.
 *
 * These tests can not access the database nor files. Calling any Drupal
 * function that needs the database will throw exceptions. These include
 * watchdog(), module_implements(), module_invoke_all() etc.
 */
class DrupalUnitTestCase extends DrupalTestCase {

	/**
	 * Constructor for DrupalUnitTestCase.
	 */
	function __construct($test_id = NULL) {
		parent::__construct($test_id);
		$this->skipClasses[__CLASS__] = TRUE;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets up unit test environment.
	 *
	 * Unlike DrupalWebTestCase::setUp(), DrupalUnitTestCase::setUp() does not
	 * install modules because tests are performed without accessing the database.
	 * Any required files must be explicitly included by the child class setUp()
	 * method.
	 */
	protected function setUp() {
		global $conf;

		// Store necessary current values before switching to the test environment.
		$this->originalFileDirectory = variable_get('file_public_path', conf_path() . '/files');

		// Reset all statics so that test is performed with a clean environment.
		drupal_static_reset();

		// Generate temporary prefixed database to ensure that tests have a clean starting point.
		$this->databasePrefix = Database::getConnection()->prefixTables('{simpletest' . mt_rand(1000, 1000000) . '}');

		// Create test directory.
		$public_files_directory = $this->originalFileDirectory . '/simpletest/' . substr($this->databasePrefix, 10);
		file_prepare_directory($public_files_directory, FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY | FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS);
		$conf['file_public_path'] = $public_files_directory;

		// Clone the current connection and replace the current prefix.
		$connection_info = Database::getConnectionInfo('default');
		Database::renameConnection('default', 'simpletest_original_default');
		foreach ($connection_info as $target => $value) {
			$connection_info[$target]['prefix'] = array(
					'default' => $value['prefix']['default'] . $this->databasePrefix,
			);
		}
		Database::addConnectionInfo('default', 'default', $connection_info['default']);

		// Set user agent to be consistent with web test case.
		$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = $this->databasePrefix;

		// If locale is enabled then t() will try to access the database and
		// subsequently will fail as the database is not accessible.
		$module_list = module_list();
		if (isset($module_list['locale'])) {
			$this->originalModuleList = $module_list;
			unset($module_list['locale']);
			module_list(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, $module_list);
		}
		$this->setup = TRUE;
	}

	protected function tearDown() {
		global $conf;

		// Get back to the original connection.
		Database::removeConnection('default');
		Database::renameConnection('simpletest_original_default', 'default');

		$conf['file_public_path'] = $this->originalFileDirectory;
		// Restore modules if necessary.
		if (isset($this->originalModuleList)) {
			module_list(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, $this->originalModuleList);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Test case for typical Drupal tests.
 */
class DrupalWebTestCase extends DrupalTestCase {
	/**
	 * The profile to install as a basis for testing.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $profile = 'standard';

	/**
	 * The URL currently loaded in the internal browser.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $url;

	/**
	 * The handle of the current cURL connection.
	 *
	 * @var resource
	 */
	protected $curlHandle;

	/**
	 * The headers of the page currently loaded in the internal browser.
	 *
	 * @var Array
	 */
	protected $headers;

	/**
	 * The content of the page currently loaded in the internal browser.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $content;

	/**
	 * The content of the page currently loaded in the internal browser (plain text version).
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $plainTextContent;

	/**
	 * The value of the Drupal.settings JavaScript variable for the page currently loaded in the internal browser.
	 *
	 * @var Array
	 */
	protected $drupalSettings;

	/**
	 * The parsed version of the page.
	 *
	 * @var SimpleXMLElement
	 */
	protected $elements = NULL;

	/**
	 * The current user logged in using the internal browser.
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	protected $loggedInUser = FALSE;

	/**
	 * The current cookie file used by cURL.
	 *
	 * We do not reuse the cookies in further runs, so we do not need a file
	 * but we still need cookie handling, so we set the jar to NULL.
	 */
	protected $cookieFile = NULL;

	/**
	 * Additional cURL options.
	 *
	 * DrupalWebTestCase itself never sets this but always obeys what is set.
	 */
	protected $additionalCurlOptions = array();

	/**
	 * The original user, before it was changed to a clean uid = 1 for testing purposes.
	 *
	 * @var object
	 */
	protected $originalUser = NULL;

	/**
	 * The original shutdown handlers array, before it was cleaned for testing purposes.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $originalShutdownCallbacks = array();

	/**
	 * HTTP authentication method
	 */
	protected $httpauth_method = CURLAUTH_BASIC;

	/**
	 * HTTP authentication credentials (<username>:<password>).
	 */
	protected $httpauth_credentials = NULL;

	/**
	 * The current session name, if available.
	 */
	protected $session_name = NULL;

	/**
	 * The current session ID, if available.
	 */
	protected $session_id = NULL;

	/**
	 * Whether the files were copied to the test files directory.
	 */
	protected $generatedTestFiles = FALSE;

	/**
	 * The number of redirects followed during the handling of a request.
	 */
	protected $redirect_count;

	/**
	 * Constructor for DrupalWebTestCase.
	 */
	function __construct($test_id = NULL) {
		parent::__construct($test_id);
		$this->skipClasses[__CLASS__] = TRUE;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a node from the database based on its title.
	 *
	 * @param $title
	 *   A node title, usually generated by $this->randomName().
	 * @param $reset
	 *   (optional) Whether to reset the internal node_load() cache.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   A node object matching $title.
	 */
	function drupalGetNodeByTitle($title, $reset = FALSE) {
		$nodes = node_load_multiple(array(), array('title' => $title), $reset);
		// Load the first node returned from the database.
		$returned_node = reset($nodes);
		return $returned_node;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a node based on default settings.
	 *
	 * @param $settings
	 *   An associative array of settings to change from the defaults, keys are
	 *   node properties, for example 'title' => 'Hello, world!'.
	 * @return
	 *   Created node object.
	 */
	protected function drupalCreateNode($settings = array()) {
		// Populate defaults array.
		$settings += array(
				'body'      => array(LANGUAGE_NONE => array(array())),
				'title'     => $this->randomName(8),
				'comment'   => 2,
				'changed'   => REQUEST_TIME,
				'moderate'  => 0,
				'promote'   => 0,
				'revision'  => 1,
				'log'       => '',
				'status'    => 1,
				'sticky'    => 0,
				'type'      => 'page',
				'revisions' => NULL,
				'language'  => LANGUAGE_NONE,
		);

		// Use the original node's created time for existing nodes.
		if (isset($settings['created']) && !isset($settings['date'])) {
			$settings['date'] = format_date($settings['created'], 'custom', 'Y-m-d H:i:s O');
		}

		// If the node's user uid is not specified manually, use the currently
		// logged in user if available, or else the user running the test.
		if (!isset($settings['uid'])) {
			if ($this->loggedInUser) {
				$settings['uid'] = $this->loggedInUser->uid;
			}
			else {
				global $user;
				$settings['uid'] = $user->uid;
			}
		}

		// Merge body field value and format separately.
		$body = array(
				'value' => $this->randomName(32),
				'format' => filter_default_format(),
		);
		$settings['body'][$settings['language']][0] += $body;

		$node = (object) $settings;
		node_save($node);

		// Small hack to link revisions to our test user.
		db_update('node_revision')
		->fields(array('uid' => $node->uid))
		->condition('vid', $node->vid)
		->execute();
		return $node;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a custom content type based on default settings.
	 *
	 * @param $settings
	 *   An array of settings to change from the defaults.
	 *   Example: 'type' => 'foo'.
	 * @return
	 *   Created content type.
	 */
	protected function drupalCreateContentType($settings = array()) {
		// Find a non-existent random type name.
		do {
			$name = strtolower($this->randomName(8));
		} while (node_type_get_type($name));

		// Populate defaults array.
		$defaults = array(
				'type' => $name,
				'name' => $name,
				'base' => 'node_content',
				'description' => '',
				'help' => '',
				'title_label' => 'Title',
				'body_label' => 'Body',
				'has_title' => 1,
				'has_body' => 1,
		);
		// Imposed values for a custom type.
		$forced = array(
				'orig_type' => '',
				'old_type' => '',
				'module' => 'node',
				'custom' => 1,
				'modified' => 1,
				'locked' => 0,
		);
		$type = $forced + $settings + $defaults;
		$type = (object) $type;

		$saved_type = node_type_save($type);
		node_types_rebuild();
		menu_rebuild();
		node_add_body_field($type);

		$this->assertEqual($saved_type, SAVED_NEW, t('Created content type %type.', array('%type' => $type->type)));

		// Reset permissions so that permissions for this content type are available.
		$this->checkPermissions(array(), TRUE);

		return $type;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a list files that can be used in tests.
	 *
	 * @param $type
	 *   File type, possible values: 'binary', 'html', 'image', 'javascript', 'php', 'sql', 'text'.
	 * @param $size
	 *   File size in bytes to match. Please check the tests/files folder.
	 * @return
	 *   List of files that match filter.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetTestFiles($type, $size = NULL) {
		if (empty($this->generatedTestFiles)) {
			// Generate binary test files.
			$lines = array(64, 1024);
			$count = 0;
			foreach ($lines as $line) {
				simpletest_generate_file('binary-' . $count++, 64, $line, 'binary');
			}

			// Generate text test files.
			$lines = array(16, 256, 1024, 2048, 20480);
			$count = 0;
			foreach ($lines as $line) {
				simpletest_generate_file('text-' . $count++, 64, $line);
			}

			// Copy other test files from simpletest.
			$original = drupal_get_path('module', 'simpletest') . '/files';
			$files = file_scan_directory($original, '/(html|image|javascript|php|sql)-.*/');
			foreach ($files as $file) {
				file_unmanaged_copy($file->uri, variable_get('file_public_path', conf_path() . '/files'));
			}

			$this->generatedTestFiles = TRUE;
		}

		$files = array();
		// Make sure type is valid.
		if (in_array($type, array('binary', 'html', 'image', 'javascript', 'php', 'sql', 'text'))) {
			$files = file_scan_directory('public://', '/' . $type . '\-.*/');

			// If size is set then remove any files that are not of that size.
			if ($size !== NULL) {
				foreach ($files as $file) {
					$stats = stat($file->uri);
					if ($stats['size'] != $size) {
						unset($files[$file->uri]);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		usort($files, array($this, 'drupalCompareFiles'));
		return $files;
	}

	/**
	 * Compare two files based on size and file name.
	 */
	protected function drupalCompareFiles($file1, $file2) {
		$compare_size = filesize($file1->uri) - filesize($file2->uri);
		if ($compare_size) {
			// Sort by file size.
			return $compare_size;
		}
		else {
			// The files were the same size, so sort alphabetically.
			return strnatcmp($file1->name, $file2->name);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a user with a given set of permissions.
	 *
	 * @param array $permissions
	 *   Array of permission names to assign to user. Note that the user always
	 *   has the default permissions derived from the "authenticated users" role.
	 *
	 * @return object|false
	 *   A fully loaded user object with pass_raw property, or FALSE if account
	 *   creation fails.
	 */
	protected function drupalCreateUser(array $permissions = array()) {
		// Create a role with the given permission set, if any.
		$rid = FALSE;
		if ($permissions) {
			$rid = $this->drupalCreateRole($permissions);
			if (!$rid) {
				return FALSE;
			}
		}

		// Create a user assigned to that role.
		$edit = array();
		$edit['name']   = $this->randomName();
		$edit['mail']   = $edit['name'] . '@example.com';
		$edit['pass']   = user_password();
		$edit['status'] = 1;
		if ($rid) {
			$edit['roles'] = array($rid => $rid);
		}

		$account = user_save(drupal_anonymous_user(), $edit);

		$this->assertTrue(!empty($account->uid), t('User created with name %name and pass %pass', array('%name' => $edit['name'], '%pass' => $edit['pass'])), t('User login'));
		if (empty($account->uid)) {
			return FALSE;
		}

		// Add the raw password so that we can log in as this user.
		$account->pass_raw = $edit['pass'];
		return $account;
	}

	/**
	 * Internal helper function; Create a role with specified permissions.
	 *
	 * @param $permissions
	 *   Array of permission names to assign to role.
	 * @param $name
	 *   (optional) String for the name of the role.  Defaults to a random string.
	 * @return
	 *   Role ID of newly created role, or FALSE if role creation failed.
	 */
	protected function drupalCreateRole(array $permissions, $name = NULL) {
		// Generate random name if it was not passed.
		if (!$name) {
			$name = $this->randomName();
		}

		// Check the all the permissions strings are valid.
		if (!$this->checkPermissions($permissions)) {
			return FALSE;
		}

		// Create new role.
		$role = new stdClass();
		$role->name = $name;
		user_role_save($role);
		user_role_grant_permissions($role->rid, $permissions);

		$this->assertTrue(isset($role->rid), t('Created role of name: @name, id: @rid', array('@name' => $name, '@rid' => (isset($role->rid) ? $role->rid : t('-n/a-')))), t('Role'));
		if ($role && !empty($role->rid)) {
			$count = db_query('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {role_permission} WHERE rid = :rid', array(':rid' => $role->rid))->fetchField();
			$this->assertTrue($count == count($permissions), t('Created permissions: @perms', array('@perms' => implode(', ', $permissions))), t('Role'));
			return $role->rid;
		}
		else {
			return FALSE;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check to make sure that the array of permissions are valid.
	 *
	 * @param $permissions
	 *   Permissions to check.
	 * @param $reset
	 *   Reset cached available permissions.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE or FALSE depending on whether the permissions are valid.
	 */
	protected function checkPermissions(array $permissions, $reset = FALSE) {
		$available = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);

		if (!isset($available) || $reset) {
			$available = array_keys(module_invoke_all('permission'));
		}

		$valid = TRUE;
		foreach ($permissions as $permission) {
			if (!in_array($permission, $available)) {
				$this->fail(t('Invalid permission %permission.', array('%permission' => $permission)), t('Role'));
				$valid = FALSE;
			}
		}
		return $valid;
	}

	/**
	 * Log in a user with the internal browser.
	 *
	 * If a user is already logged in, then the current user is logged out before
	 * logging in the specified user.
	 *
	 * Please note that neither the global $user nor the passed-in user object is
	 * populated with data of the logged in user. If you need full access to the
	 * user object after logging in, it must be updated manually. If you also need
	 * access to the plain-text password of the user (set by drupalCreateUser()),
	 * e.g. to log in the same user again, then it must be re-assigned manually.
	 * For example:
	 * @code
	 *   // Create a user.
	 *   $account = $this->drupalCreateUser(array());
	 *   $this->drupalLogin($account);
	 *   // Load real user object.
	 *   $pass_raw = $account->pass_raw;
	 *   $account = user_load($account->uid);
	 *   $account->pass_raw = $pass_raw;
	 * @endcode
	 *
	 * @param $user
	 *   User object representing the user to log in.
	 *
	 * @see drupalCreateUser()
	 */
	protected function drupalLogin(stdClass $user) {
		if ($this->loggedInUser) {
			$this->drupalLogout();
		}

		$edit = array(
				'name' => $user->name,
				'pass' => $user->pass_raw
		);
		$this->drupalPost('user', $edit, t('Log in'));

		// If a "log out" link appears on the page, it is almost certainly because
		// the login was successful.
		$pass = $this->assertLink(t('Log out'), 0, t('User %name successfully logged in.', array('%name' => $user->name)), t('User login'));

		if ($pass) {
			$this->loggedInUser = $user;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Generate a token for the currently logged in user.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetToken($value = '') {
		$private_key = drupal_get_private_key();
		return drupal_hmac_base64($value, $this->session_id . $private_key);
	}

	/*
	 * Logs a user out of the internal browser, then check the login page to confirm logout.
	*/
	protected function drupalLogout() {
		// Make a request to the logout page, and redirect to the user page, the
		// idea being if you were properly logged out you should be seeing a login
		// screen.
		$this->drupalGet('user/logout');
		$this->drupalGet('user');
		$pass = $this->assertField('name', t('Username field found.'), t('Logout'));
		$pass = $pass && $this->assertField('pass', t('Password field found.'), t('Logout'));

		if ($pass) {
			$this->loggedInUser = FALSE;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a random database prefix, runs the install scripts on the
	 * prefixed database and enable the specified modules. After installation
	 * many caches are flushed and the internal browser is setup so that the
	 * page requests will run on the new prefix. A temporary files directory
	 * is created with the same name as the database prefix.
	 *
	 * @param ...
	 *   List of modules to enable for the duration of the test. This can be
	 *   either a single array or a variable number of string arguments.
	 */
	protected function setUp() {
		global $user, $language, $conf;

		// Generate a temporary prefixed database to ensure that tests have a clean starting point.
		$this->databasePrefix = 'simpletest' . mt_rand(1000, 1000000);
		db_update('simpletest_test_id')
		->fields(array('last_prefix' => $this->databasePrefix))
		->condition('test_id', $this->testId)
		->execute();

		// Clone the current connection and replace the current prefix.
		$connection_info = Database::getConnectionInfo('default');
		Database::renameConnection('default', 'simpletest_original_default');
		foreach ($connection_info as $target => $value) {
			$connection_info[$target]['prefix'] = array(
					'default' => $value['prefix']['default'] . $this->databasePrefix,
			);
		}
		Database::addConnectionInfo('default', 'default', $connection_info['default']);

		// Store necessary current values before switching to prefixed database.
		$this->originalLanguage = $language;
		$this->originalLanguageDefault = variable_get('language_default');
		$this->originalFileDirectory = variable_get('file_public_path', conf_path() . '/files');
		$this->originalProfile = drupal_get_profile();
		$clean_url_original = variable_get('clean_url', 0);

		// Set to English to prevent exceptions from utf8_truncate() from t()
		// during install if the current language is not 'en'.
		// The following array/object conversion is copied from language_default().
		$language = (object) array('language' => 'en', 'name' => 'English', 'native' => 'English', 'direction' => 0, 'enabled' => 1, 'plurals' => 0, 'formula' => '', 'domain' => '', 'prefix' => '', 'weight' => 0, 'javascript' => '');

		// Save and clean shutdown callbacks array because it static cached and
		// will be changed by the test run. If we don't, then it will contain
		// callbacks from both environments. So testing environment will try
		// to call handlers from original environment.
		$callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function();
		$this->originalShutdownCallbacks = $callbacks;
		$callbacks = array();

		// Create test directory ahead of installation so fatal errors and debug
		// information can be logged during installation process.
		// Use temporary files directory with the same prefix as the database.
		$public_files_directory  = $this->originalFileDirectory . '/simpletest/' . substr($this->databasePrefix, 10);
		$private_files_directory = $public_files_directory . '/private';
		$temp_files_directory    = $private_files_directory . '/temp';

		// Create the directories
		file_prepare_directory($public_files_directory, FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY | FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS);
		file_prepare_directory($private_files_directory, FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY);
		file_prepare_directory($temp_files_directory, FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY);
		$this->generatedTestFiles = FALSE;

		// Log fatal errors.
		ini_set('log_errors', 1);
		ini_set('error_log', $public_files_directory . '/error.log');

		// Reset all statics and variables to perform tests in a clean environment.
		$conf = array();
		drupal_static_reset();

		// Set the test information for use in other parts of Drupal.
		$test_info = &$GLOBALS['drupal_test_info'];
		$test_info['test_run_id'] = $this->databasePrefix;
		$test_info['in_child_site'] = FALSE;

		// Preset the 'install_profile' system variable, so the first call into
		// system_rebuild_module_data() (in drupal_install_system()) will register
		// the test's profile as a module. Without this, the installation profile of
		// the parent site (executing the test) is registered, and the test
		// profile's hook_install() and other hook implementations are never invoked.
		$conf['install_profile'] = $this->profile;

		include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/install.inc';
		drupal_install_system();

		$this->preloadRegistry();

		// Set path variables.
		variable_set('file_public_path', $public_files_directory);
		variable_set('file_private_path', $private_files_directory);
		variable_set('file_temporary_path', $temp_files_directory);

		// Include the testing profile.
		variable_set('install_profile', $this->profile);
		$profile_details = install_profile_info($this->profile, 'en');

		// Install the modules specified by the testing profile.
		module_enable($profile_details['dependencies'], FALSE);

		// Install modules needed for this test. This could have been passed in as
		// either a single array argument or a variable number of string arguments.
		// @todo Remove this compatibility layer in Drupal 8, and only accept
		// $modules as a single array argument.
		$modules = func_get_args();
		if (isset($modules[0]) && is_array($modules[0])) {
			$modules = $modules[0];
		}
		if ($modules) {
			$success = module_enable($modules, TRUE);
			$this->assertTrue($success, t('Enabled modules: %modules', array('%modules' => implode(', ', $modules))));
		}

		// Run the profile tasks.
		$install_profile_module_exists = db_query("SELECT 1 FROM {system} WHERE type = 'module' AND name = :name", array(
				':name' => $this->profile,
		))->fetchField();
		if ($install_profile_module_exists) {
			module_enable(array($this->profile), FALSE);
		}

		// Reset/rebuild all data structures after enabling the modules.
		$this->resetAll();

		// Run cron once in that environment, as install.php does at the end of
		// the installation process.
		drupal_cron_run();

		// Log in with a clean $user.
		$this->originalUser = $user;
		drupal_save_session(FALSE);
		$user = user_load(1);

		// Restore necessary variables.
		variable_set('install_task', 'done');
		variable_set('clean_url', $clean_url_original);
		variable_set('site_mail', 'simpletest@example.com');
		variable_set('date_default_timezone', date_default_timezone_get());
		// Set up English language.
		unset($GLOBALS['conf']['language_default']);
		$language = language_default();

		// Use the test mail class instead of the default mail handler class.
		variable_set('mail_system', array('default-system' => 'TestingMailSystem'));

		drupal_set_time_limit($this->timeLimit);
		$this->setup = TRUE;
	}

	/**
	 * Preload the registry from the testing site.
	 *
	 * This method is called by DrupalWebTestCase::setUp(), and preloads the
	 * registry from the testing site to cut down on the time it takes to
	 * set up a clean environment for the current test run.
	 */
	protected function preloadRegistry() {
		// Use two separate queries, each with their own connections: copy the
		// {registry} and {registry_file} tables over from the parent installation
		// to the child installation.
		$original_connection = Database::getConnection('default', 'simpletest_original_default');
		$test_connection = Database::getConnection();

		foreach (array('registry', 'registry_file') as $table) {
			// Find the records from the parent database.
			$source_query = $original_connection
			->select($table, array(), array('fetch' => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))
			->fields($table);

			$dest_query = $test_connection->insert($table);

			$first = TRUE;
			foreach ($source_query->execute() as $row) {
				if ($first) {
					$dest_query->fields(array_keys($row));
					$first = FALSE;
				}
				// Insert the records into the child database.
				$dest_query->values($row);
			}

			$dest_query->execute();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Reset all data structures after having enabled new modules.
	 *
	 * This method is called by DrupalWebTestCase::setUp() after enabling
	 * the requested modules. It must be called again when additional modules
	 * are enabled later.
	 */
	protected function resetAll() {
		// Reset all static variables.
		drupal_static_reset();
		// Reset the list of enabled modules.
		module_list(TRUE);

		// Reset cached schema for new database prefix. This must be done before
		// drupal_flush_all_caches() so rebuilds can make use of the schema of
		// modules enabled on the cURL side.
		drupal_get_schema(NULL, TRUE);

		// Perform rebuilds and flush remaining caches.
		drupal_flush_all_caches();

		// Reload global $conf array and permissions.
		$this->refreshVariables();
		$this->checkPermissions(array(), TRUE);
	}

	/**
	 * Refresh the in-memory set of variables. Useful after a page request is made
	 * that changes a variable in a different thread.
	 *
	 * In other words calling a settings page with $this->drupalPost() with a changed
	 * value would update a variable to reflect that change, but in the thread that
	 * made the call (thread running the test) the changed variable would not be
	 * picked up.
	 *
	 * This method clears the variables cache and loads a fresh copy from the database
	 * to ensure that the most up-to-date set of variables is loaded.
	 */
	protected function refreshVariables() {
		global $conf;
		cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap');
		$conf = variable_initialize();
	}

	/**
	 * Delete created files and temporary files directory, delete the tables created by setUp(),
	 * and reset the database prefix.
	 */
	protected function tearDown() {
		global $user, $language;

		// In case a fatal error occurred that was not in the test process read the
		// log to pick up any fatal errors.
		simpletest_log_read($this->testId, $this->databasePrefix, get_class($this), TRUE);

		$emailCount = count(variable_get('drupal_test_email_collector', array()));
		if ($emailCount) {
			$message = format_plural($emailCount, '1 e-mail was sent during this test.', '@count e-mails were sent during this test.');
			$this->pass($message, t('E-mail'));
		}

		// Delete temporary files directory.
		file_unmanaged_delete_recursive($this->originalFileDirectory . '/simpletest/' . substr($this->databasePrefix, 10));

		// Remove all prefixed tables (all the tables in the schema).
		$schema = drupal_get_schema(NULL, TRUE);
		foreach ($schema as $name => $table) {
			db_drop_table($name);
		}

		// Get back to the original connection.
		Database::removeConnection('default');
		Database::renameConnection('simpletest_original_default', 'default');

		// Restore original shutdown callbacks array to prevent original
		// environment of calling handlers from test run.
		$callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function();
		$callbacks = $this->originalShutdownCallbacks;

		// Return the user to the original one.
		$user = $this->originalUser;
		drupal_save_session(TRUE);

		// Ensure that internal logged in variable and cURL options are reset.
		$this->loggedInUser = FALSE;
		$this->additionalCurlOptions = array();

		// Reload module list and implementations to ensure that test module hooks
		// aren't called after tests.
		module_list(TRUE);
		module_implements('', FALSE, TRUE);

		// Reset the Field API.
		field_cache_clear();

		// Rebuild caches.
		$this->refreshVariables();

		// Reset language.
		$language = $this->originalLanguage;
		if ($this->originalLanguageDefault) {
			$GLOBALS['conf']['language_default'] = $this->originalLanguageDefault;
		}

		// Close the CURL handler.
		$this->curlClose();
	}

	/**
	 * Initializes the cURL connection.
	 *
	 * If the simpletest_httpauth_credentials variable is set, this function will
	 * add HTTP authentication headers. This is necessary for testing sites that
	 * are protected by login credentials from public access.
	 * See the description of $curl_options for other options.
	 */
	protected function curlInitialize() {
		global $base_url;

		if (!isset($this->curlHandle)) {
			$this->curlHandle = curl_init();
			$curl_options = array(
					CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR => $this->cookieFile,
					CURLOPT_URL => $base_url,
					CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION => FALSE,
					CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => TRUE,
					CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => FALSE, // Required to make the tests run on https.
					CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => FALSE, // Required to make the tests run on https.
					CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION => array(&$this, 'curlHeaderCallback'),
					CURLOPT_USERAGENT => $this->databasePrefix,
			);
			if (isset($this->httpauth_credentials)) {
				$curl_options[CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH] = $this->httpauth_method;
				$curl_options[CURLOPT_USERPWD] = $this->httpauth_credentials;
			}
			curl_setopt_array($this->curlHandle, $this->additionalCurlOptions + $curl_options);

			// By default, the child session name should be the same as the parent.
			$this->session_name = session_name();
		}
		// We set the user agent header on each request so as to use the current
		// time and a new uniqid.
		if (preg_match('/simpletest\d+/', $this->databasePrefix, $matches)) {
			curl_setopt($this->curlHandle, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, drupal_generate_test_ua($matches[0]));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Initializes and executes a cURL request.
	 *
	 * @param $curl_options
	 *   An associative array of cURL options to set, where the keys are constants
	 *   defined by the cURL library. For a list of valid options, see
	 *   http://www.php.net/manual/function.curl-setopt.php
	 * @param $redirect
	 *   FALSE if this is an initial request, TRUE if this request is the result
	 *   of a redirect.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   The content returned from the call to curl_exec().
	 *
	 * @see curlInitialize()
	 */
	protected function curlExec($curl_options, $redirect = FALSE) {
		$this->curlInitialize();

		// cURL incorrectly handles URLs with a fragment by including the
		// fragment in the request to the server, causing some web servers
		// to reject the request citing "400 - Bad Request". To prevent
		// this, we strip the fragment from the request.
		// TODO: Remove this for Drupal 8, since fixed in curl 7.20.0.
		if (!empty($curl_options[CURLOPT_URL]) && strpos($curl_options[CURLOPT_URL], '#')) {
			$original_url = $curl_options[CURLOPT_URL];
			$curl_options[CURLOPT_URL] = strtok($curl_options[CURLOPT_URL], '#');
		}

		$url = empty($curl_options[CURLOPT_URL]) ? curl_getinfo($this->curlHandle, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL) : $curl_options[CURLOPT_URL];

		if (!empty($curl_options[CURLOPT_POST])) {
			// This is a fix for the Curl library to prevent Expect: 100-continue
			// headers in POST requests, that may cause unexpected HTTP response
			// codes from some webservers (like lighttpd that returns a 417 error
			// code). It is done by setting an empty "Expect" header field that is
			// not overwritten by Curl.
			$curl_options[CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER][] = 'Expect:';
		}
		curl_setopt_array($this->curlHandle, $this->additionalCurlOptions + $curl_options);

		if (!$redirect) {
			// Reset headers, the session ID and the redirect counter.
			$this->session_id = NULL;
			$this->headers = array();
			$this->redirect_count = 0;
		}

		$content = curl_exec($this->curlHandle);
		$status = curl_getinfo($this->curlHandle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

		// cURL incorrectly handles URLs with fragments, so instead of
		// letting cURL handle redirects we take of them ourselves to
		// to prevent fragments being sent to the web server as part
		// of the request.
		// TODO: Remove this for Drupal 8, since fixed in curl 7.20.0.
		if (in_array($status, array(300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307)) && $this->redirect_count < variable_get('simpletest_maximum_redirects', 5)) {
			if ($this->drupalGetHeader('location')) {
				$this->redirect_count++;
				$curl_options = array();
				$curl_options[CURLOPT_URL] = $this->drupalGetHeader('location');
				$curl_options[CURLOPT_HTTPGET] = TRUE;
				return $this->curlExec($curl_options, TRUE);
			}
		}

		$this->drupalSetContent($content, isset($original_url) ? $original_url : curl_getinfo($this->curlHandle, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL));
		$message_vars = array(
				'!method' => !empty($curl_options[CURLOPT_NOBODY]) ? 'HEAD' : (empty($curl_options[CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS]) ? 'GET' : 'POST'),
				'@url' => isset($original_url) ? $original_url : $url,
				'@status' => $status,
				'!length' => format_size(strlen($this->drupalGetContent()))
		);
		$message = t('!method @url returned @status (!length).', $message_vars);
		$this->assertTrue($this->drupalGetContent() !== FALSE, $message, t('Browser'));
		return $this->drupalGetContent();
	}

	/**
	 * Reads headers and registers errors received from the tested site.
	 *
	 * @see _drupal_log_error().
	 *
	 * @param $curlHandler
	 *   The cURL handler.
	 * @param $header
	 *   An header.
	 */
	protected function curlHeaderCallback($curlHandler, $header) {
		// Header fields can be extended over multiple lines by preceding each
		// extra line with at least one SP or HT. They should be joined on receive.
		// Details are in RFC2616 section 4.
		if ($header[0] == ' ' || $header[0] == "\t") {
			// Normalize whitespace between chucks.
			$this->headers[] = array_pop($this->headers) . ' ' . trim($header);
		}
		else {
			$this->headers[] = $header;
		}

		// Errors are being sent via X-Drupal-Assertion-* headers,
		// generated by _drupal_log_error() in the exact form required
		// by DrupalWebTestCase::error().
		if (preg_match('/^X-Drupal-Assertion-[0-9]+: (.*)$/', $header, $matches)) {
			// Call DrupalWebTestCase::error() with the parameters from the header.
			call_user_func_array(array(&$this, 'error'), unserialize(urldecode($matches[1])));
		}

		// Save cookies.
		if (preg_match('/^Set-Cookie: ([^=]+)=(.+)/', $header, $matches)) {
			$name = $matches[1];
			$parts = array_map('trim', explode(';', $matches[2]));
			$value = array_shift($parts);
			$this->cookies[$name] = array('value' => $value, 'secure' => in_array('secure', $parts));
			if ($name == $this->session_name) {
				if ($value != 'deleted') {
					$this->session_id = $value;
				}
				else {
					$this->session_id = NULL;
				}
			}
		}

		// This is required by cURL.
		return strlen($header);
	}

	/**
	 * Close the cURL handler and unset the handler.
	 */
	protected function curlClose() {
		if (isset($this->curlHandle)) {
			curl_close($this->curlHandle);
			unset($this->curlHandle);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Parse content returned from curlExec using DOM and SimpleXML.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   A SimpleXMLElement or FALSE on failure.
	 */
	protected function parse() {
		if (!$this->elements) {
			// DOM can load HTML soup. But, HTML soup can throw warnings, suppress
			// them.
			$htmlDom = new DOMDocument();
			@$htmlDom->loadHTML($this->drupalGetContent());
			if ($htmlDom) {
				$this->pass(t('Valid HTML found on "@path"', array('@path' => $this->getUrl())), t('Browser'));
				// It's much easier to work with simplexml than DOM, luckily enough
				// we can just simply import our DOM tree.
				$this->elements = simplexml_import_dom($htmlDom);
			}
		}
		if (!$this->elements) {
			$this->fail(t('Parsed page successfully.'), t('Browser'));
		}

		return $this->elements;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a Drupal path or an absolute path.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   Drupal path or URL to load into internal browser
	 * @param $options
	 *   Options to be forwarded to url().
	 * @param $headers
	 *   An array containing additional HTTP request headers, each formatted as
	 *   "name: value".
	 * @return
	 *   The retrieved HTML string, also available as $this->drupalGetContent()
	 */
	protected function drupalGet($path, array $options = array(), array $headers = array()) {
		$options['absolute'] = TRUE;

		// We re-using a CURL connection here. If that connection still has certain
		// options set, it might change the GET into a POST. Make sure we clear out
		// previous options.
		$out = $this->curlExec(array(CURLOPT_HTTPGET => TRUE, CURLOPT_URL => url($path, $options), CURLOPT_NOBODY => FALSE, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers));
		$this->refreshVariables(); // Ensure that any changes to variables in the other thread are picked up.

		// Replace original page output with new output from redirected page(s).
		if ($new = $this->checkForMetaRefresh()) {
			$out = $new;
		}
		$this->verbose('GET request to: ' . $path .
				'<hr />Ending URL: ' . $this->getUrl() .
				'<hr />' . $out);
		return $out;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve a Drupal path or an absolute path and JSON decode the result.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetAJAX($path, array $options = array(), array $headers = array()) {
		return drupal_json_decode($this->drupalGet($path, $options, $headers));
	}

	/**
	 * Execute a POST request on a Drupal page.
	 * It will be done as usual POST request with SimpleBrowser.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   Location of the post form. Either a Drupal path or an absolute path or
	 *   NULL to post to the current page. For multi-stage forms you can set the
	 *   path to NULL and have it post to the last received page. Example:
	 *
	 *   @code
	 *   // First step in form.
	 *   $edit = array(...);
	 *   $this->drupalPost('some_url', $edit, t('Save'));
	 *
	 *   // Second step in form.
	 *   $edit = array(...);
	 *   $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
	 *   @endcode
	 * @param  $edit
	 *   Field data in an associative array. Changes the current input fields
	 *   (where possible) to the values indicated. A checkbox can be set to
	 *   TRUE to be checked and FALSE to be unchecked. Note that when a form
	 *   contains file upload fields, other fields cannot start with the '@'
	 *   character.
	 *
	 *   Multiple select fields can be set using name[] and setting each of the
	 *   possible values. Example:
	 *   @code
	 *   $edit = array();
	 *   $edit['name[]'] = array('value1', 'value2');
	 *   @endcode
	 * @param $submit
	 *   Value of the submit button whose click is to be emulated. For example,
	 *   t('Save'). The processing of the request depends on this value. For
	 *   example, a form may have one button with the value t('Save') and another
	 *   button with the value t('Delete'), and execute different code depending
	 *   on which one is clicked.
	 *
	 *   This function can also be called to emulate an Ajax submission. In this
	 *   case, this value needs to be an array with the following keys:
	 *   - path: A path to submit the form values to for Ajax-specific processing,
	 *     which is likely different than the $path parameter used for retrieving
	 *     the initial form. Defaults to 'system/ajax'.
	 *   - triggering_element: If the value for the 'path' key is 'system/ajax' or
	 *     another generic Ajax processing path, this needs to be set to the name
	 *     of the element. If the name doesn't identify the element uniquely, then
	 *     this should instead be an array with a single key/value pair,
	 *     corresponding to the element name and value. The callback for the
	 *     generic Ajax processing path uses this to find the #ajax information
	 *     for the element, including which specific callback to use for
	 *     processing the request.
	 *
	 *   This can also be set to NULL in order to emulate an Internet Explorer
	 *   submission of a form with a single text field, and pressing ENTER in that
	 *   textfield: under these conditions, no button information is added to the
	 *   POST data.
	 * @param $options
	 *   Options to be forwarded to url().
	 * @param $headers
	 *   An array containing additional HTTP request headers, each formatted as
	 *   "name: value".
	 * @param $form_html_id
	 *   (optional) HTML ID of the form to be submitted. On some pages
	 *   there are many identical forms, so just using the value of the submit
	 *   button is not enough. For example: 'trigger-node-presave-assign-form'.
	 *   Note that this is not the Drupal $form_id, but rather the HTML ID of the
	 *   form, which is typically the same thing but with hyphens replacing the
	 *   underscores.
	 * @param $extra_post
	 *   (optional) A string of additional data to append to the POST submission.
	 *   This can be used to add POST data for which there are no HTML fields, as
	 *   is done by drupalPostAJAX(). This string is literally appended to the
	 *   POST data, so it must already be urlencoded and contain a leading "&"
	 *   (e.g., "&extra_var1=hello+world&extra_var2=you%26me").
	 */
	protected function drupalPost($path, $edit, $submit, array $options = array(), array $headers = array(), $form_html_id = NULL, $extra_post = NULL) {
		$submit_matches = FALSE;
		$ajax = is_array($submit);
		if (isset($path)) {
			$this->drupalGet($path, $options);
		}
		if ($this->parse()) {
			$edit_save = $edit;
			// Let's iterate over all the forms.
			$xpath = "//form";
			if (!empty($form_html_id)) {
				$xpath .= "[@id='" . $form_html_id . "']";
			}
			$forms = $this->xpath($xpath);
			foreach ($forms as $form) {
				// We try to set the fields of this form as specified in $edit.
				$edit = $edit_save;
				$post = array();
				$upload = array();
				$submit_matches = $this->handleForm($post, $edit, $upload, $ajax ? NULL : $submit, $form);
				$action = isset($form['action']) ? $this->getAbsoluteUrl((string) $form['action']) : $this->getUrl();
				if ($ajax) {
					$action = $this->getAbsoluteUrl(!empty($submit['path']) ? $submit['path'] : 'system/ajax');
					// Ajax callbacks verify the triggering element if necessary, so while
					// we may eventually want extra code that verifies it in the
					// handleForm() function, it's not currently a requirement.
					$submit_matches = TRUE;
				}

				// We post only if we managed to handle every field in edit and the
				// submit button matches.
				if (!$edit && ($submit_matches || !isset($submit))) {
					$post_array = $post;
					if ($upload) {
						// TODO: cURL handles file uploads for us, but the implementation
						// is broken. This is a less than elegant workaround. Alternatives
						// are being explored at #253506.
						foreach ($upload as $key => $file) {
							$file = drupal_realpath($file);
							if ($file && is_file($file)) {
								$post[$key] = '@' . $file;
							}
						}
					}
					else {
						foreach ($post as $key => $value) {
							// Encode according to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
							// Both names and values needs to be urlencoded, according to
							// http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1
							$post[$key] = urlencode($key) . '=' . urlencode($value);
						}
						$post = implode('&', $post) . $extra_post;
					}
					$out = $this->curlExec(array(CURLOPT_URL => $action, CURLOPT_POST => TRUE, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $post, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers));
					// Ensure that any changes to variables in the other thread are picked up.
					$this->refreshVariables();

					// Replace original page output with new output from redirected page(s).
					if ($new = $this->checkForMetaRefresh()) {
						$out = $new;
					}
					$this->verbose('POST request to: ' . $path .
							'<hr />Ending URL: ' . $this->getUrl() .
							'<hr />Fields: ' . highlight_string('<?php ' . var_export($post_array, TRUE), TRUE) .
							'<hr />' . $out);
					return $out;
				}
			}
			// We have not found a form which contained all fields of $edit.
			foreach ($edit as $name => $value) {
				$this->fail(t('Failed to set field @name to @value', array('@name' => $name, '@value' => $value)));
			}
			if (!$ajax && isset($submit)) {
				$this->assertTrue($submit_matches, t('Found the @submit button', array('@submit' => $submit)));
			}
			$this->fail(t('Found the requested form fields at @path', array('@path' => $path)));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Execute an Ajax submission.
	 *
	 * This executes a POST as ajax.js does. It uses the returned JSON data, an
	 * array of commands, to update $this->content using equivalent DOM
	 * manipulation as is used by ajax.js. It also returns the array of commands.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   Location of the form containing the Ajax enabled element to test. Can be
	 *   either a Drupal path or an absolute path or NULL to use the current page.
	 * @param $edit
	 *   Field data in an associative array. Changes the current input fields
	 *   (where possible) to the values indicated.
	 * @param $triggering_element
	 *   The name of the form element that is responsible for triggering the Ajax
	 *   functionality to test. May be a string or, if the triggering element is
	 *   a button, an associative array where the key is the name of the button
	 *   and the value is the button label. i.e.) array('op' => t('Refresh')).
	 * @param $ajax_path
	 *   (optional) Override the path set by the Ajax settings of the triggering
	 *   element. In the absence of both the triggering element's Ajax path and
	 *   $ajax_path 'system/ajax' will be used.
	 * @param $options
	 *   (optional) Options to be forwarded to url().
	 * @param $headers
	 *   (optional) An array containing additional HTTP request headers, each
	 *   formatted as "name: value". Forwarded to drupalPost().
	 * @param $form_html_id
	 *   (optional) HTML ID of the form to be submitted, use when there is more
	 *   than one identical form on the same page and the value of the triggering
	 *   element is not enough to identify the form. Note this is not the Drupal
	 *   ID of the form but rather the HTML ID of the form.
	 * @param $ajax_settings
	 *   (optional) An array of Ajax settings which if specified will be used in
	 *   place of the Ajax settings of the triggering element.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   An array of Ajax commands.
	 *
	 * @see drupalPost()
	 * @see ajax.js
	 */
	protected function drupalPostAJAX($path, $edit, $triggering_element, $ajax_path = NULL, array $options = array(), array $headers = array(), $form_html_id = NULL, $ajax_settings = NULL) {
		// Get the content of the initial page prior to calling drupalPost(), since
		// drupalPost() replaces $this->content.
		if (isset($path)) {
			$this->drupalGet($path, $options);
		}
		$content = $this->content;
		$drupal_settings = $this->drupalSettings;

		// Get the Ajax settings bound to the triggering element.
		if (!isset($ajax_settings)) {
			if (is_array($triggering_element)) {
				$xpath = '//*[@name="' . key($triggering_element) . '" and @value="' . current($triggering_element) . '"]';
			}
			else {
				$xpath = '//*[@name="' . $triggering_element . '"]';
			}
			if (isset($form_html_id)) {
				$xpath = '//form[@id="' . $form_html_id . '"]' . $xpath;
			}
			$element = $this->xpath($xpath);
			$element_id = (string) $element[0]['id'];
			$ajax_settings = $drupal_settings['ajax'][$element_id];
		}

		// Add extra information to the POST data as ajax.js does.
		$extra_post = '';
		if (isset($ajax_settings['submit'])) {
			foreach ($ajax_settings['submit'] as $key => $value) {
				$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode($key) . '=' . urlencode($value);
			}
		}
		foreach ($this->xpath('//*[@id]') as $element) {
			$id = (string) $element['id'];
			$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode('ajax_html_ids[]') . '=' . urlencode($id);
		}
		if (isset($drupal_settings['ajaxPageState'])) {
			$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode('ajax_page_state[theme]') . '=' . urlencode($drupal_settings['ajaxPageState']['theme']);
			$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode('ajax_page_state[theme_token]') . '=' . urlencode($drupal_settings['ajaxPageState']['theme_token']);
			foreach ($drupal_settings['ajaxPageState']['css'] as $key => $value) {
				$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode("ajax_page_state[css][$key]") . '=1';
			}
			foreach ($drupal_settings['ajaxPageState']['js'] as $key => $value) {
				$extra_post .= '&' . urlencode("ajax_page_state[js][$key]") . '=1';
			}
		}

		// Unless a particular path is specified, use the one specified by the
		// Ajax settings, or else 'system/ajax'.
		if (!isset($ajax_path)) {
			$ajax_path = isset($ajax_settings['url']) ? $ajax_settings['url'] : 'system/ajax';
		}

		// Submit the POST request.
		$return = drupal_json_decode($this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, array('path' => $ajax_path, 'triggering_element' => $triggering_element), $options, $headers, $form_html_id, $extra_post));

		// Change the page content by applying the returned commands.
		if (!empty($ajax_settings) && !empty($return)) {
			// ajax.js applies some defaults to the settings object, so do the same
			// for what's used by this function.
			$ajax_settings += array(
					'method' => 'replaceWith',
			);
			// DOM can load HTML soup. But, HTML soup can throw warnings, suppress
			// them.
			$dom = new DOMDocument();
			@$dom->loadHTML($content);
			foreach ($return as $command) {
				switch ($command['command']) {
					case 'settings':
						$drupal_settings = drupal_array_merge_deep($drupal_settings, $command['settings']);
						break;

					case 'insert':
						// @todo ajax.js can process commands that include a 'selector', but
						//   these are hard to emulate with DOMDocument. For now, we only
						//   implement 'insert' commands that use $ajax_settings['wrapper'].
						if (!isset($command['selector'])) {
							// $dom->getElementById() doesn't work when drupalPostAJAX() is
							// invoked multiple times for a page, so use XPath instead. This
							// also sets us up for adding support for $command['selector'] in
							// the future, once we figure out how to transform a jQuery
							// selector to XPath.
							$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);
							$wrapperNode = $xpath->query('//*[@id="' . $ajax_settings['wrapper'] . '"]')->item(0);
							if ($wrapperNode) {
								// ajax.js adds an enclosing DIV to work around a Safari bug.
								$newDom = new DOMDocument();
								$newDom->loadHTML('<div>' . $command['data'] . '</div>');
								$newNode = $dom->importNode($newDom->documentElement->firstChild->firstChild, TRUE);
								$method = isset($command['method']) ? $command['method'] : $ajax_settings['method'];
								// The "method" is a jQuery DOM manipulation function. Emulate
								// each one using PHP's DOMNode API.
								switch ($method) {
									case 'replaceWith':
										$wrapperNode->parentNode->replaceChild($newNode, $wrapperNode);
										break;
									case 'append':
										$wrapperNode->appendChild($newNode);
										break;
									case 'prepend':
										// If no firstChild, insertBefore() falls back to
										// appendChild().
										$wrapperNode->insertBefore($newNode, $wrapperNode->firstChild);
										break;
									case 'before':
										$wrapperNode->parentNode->insertBefore($newNode, $wrapperNode);
										break;
									case 'after':
										// If no nextSibling, insertBefore() falls back to
										// appendChild().
										$wrapperNode->parentNode->insertBefore($newNode, $wrapperNode->nextSibling);
										break;
									case 'html':
										foreach ($wrapperNode->childNodes as $childNode) {
											$wrapperNode->removeChild($childNode);
										}
										$wrapperNode->appendChild($newNode);
										break;
								}
							}
						}
						break;

						// @todo Add suitable implementations for these commands in order to
						//   have full test coverage of what ajax.js can do.
					case 'remove':
						break;
					case 'changed':
						break;
					case 'css':
						break;
					case 'data':
						break;
					case 'restripe':
						break;
				}
			}
			$content = $dom->saveHTML();
		}
		$this->drupalSetContent($content);
		$this->drupalSetSettings($drupal_settings);
		return $return;
	}

	/**
	 * Runs cron in the Drupal installed by Simpletest.
	 */
	protected function cronRun() {
		$this->drupalGet($GLOBALS['base_url'] . '/cron.php', array('external' => TRUE, 'query' => array('cron_key' => variable_get('cron_key', 'drupal'))));
	}

	/**
	 * Check for meta refresh tag and if found call drupalGet() recursively. This
	 * function looks for the http-equiv attribute to be set to "Refresh"
	 * and is case-sensitive.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   Either the new page content or FALSE.
	 */
	protected function checkForMetaRefresh() {
		if (strpos($this->drupalGetContent(), '<meta ') && $this->parse()) {
			$refresh = $this->xpath('//meta[@http-equiv="Refresh"]');
			if (!empty($refresh)) {
				// Parse the content attribute of the meta tag for the format:
				// "[delay]: URL=[page_to_redirect_to]".
				if (preg_match('/\d+;\s*URL=(?P<url>.*)/i', $refresh[0]['content'], $match)) {
					return $this->drupalGet($this->getAbsoluteUrl(decode_entities($match['url'])));
				}
			}
		}
		return FALSE;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves only the headers for a Drupal path or an absolute path.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   Drupal path or URL to load into internal browser
	 * @param $options
	 *   Options to be forwarded to url().
	 * @param $headers
	 *   An array containing additional HTTP request headers, each formatted as
	 *   "name: value".
	 * @return
	 *   The retrieved headers, also available as $this->drupalGetContent()
	 */
	protected function drupalHead($path, array $options = array(), array $headers = array()) {
		$options['absolute'] = TRUE;
		$out = $this->curlExec(array(CURLOPT_NOBODY => TRUE, CURLOPT_URL => url($path, $options), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers));
		$this->refreshVariables(); // Ensure that any changes to variables in the other thread are picked up.
		return $out;
	}

	/**
	 * Handle form input related to drupalPost(). Ensure that the specified fields
	 * exist and attempt to create POST data in the correct manner for the particular
	 * field type.
	 *
	 * @param $post
	 *   Reference to array of post values.
	 * @param $edit
	 *   Reference to array of edit values to be checked against the form.
	 * @param $submit
	 *   Form submit button value.
	 * @param $form
	 *   Array of form elements.
	 * @return
	 *   Submit value matches a valid submit input in the form.
	 */
	protected function handleForm(&$post, &$edit, &$upload, $submit, $form) {
		// Retrieve the form elements.
		$elements = $form->xpath('.//input[not(@disabled)]|.//textarea[not(@disabled)]|.//select[not(@disabled)]');
		$submit_matches = FALSE;
		foreach ($elements as $element) {
			// SimpleXML objects need string casting all the time.
			$name = (string) $element['name'];
			// This can either be the type of <input> or the name of the tag itself
			// for <select> or <textarea>.
			$type = isset($element['type']) ? (string) $element['type'] : $element->getName();
			$value = isset($element['value']) ? (string) $element['value'] : '';
			$done = FALSE;
			if (isset($edit[$name])) {
				switch ($type) {
					case 'text':
					case 'textarea':
					case 'hidden':
					case 'password':
						$post[$name] = $edit[$name];
						unset($edit[$name]);
						break;
					case 'radio':
						if ($edit[$name] == $value) {
							$post[$name] = $edit[$name];
							unset($edit[$name]);
						}
						break;
					case 'checkbox':
						// To prevent checkbox from being checked.pass in a FALSE,
						// otherwise the checkbox will be set to its value regardless
						// of $edit.
						if ($edit[$name] === FALSE) {
							unset($edit[$name]);
							continue 2;
						}
						else {
							unset($edit[$name]);
							$post[$name] = $value;
						}
						break;
					case 'select':
						$new_value = $edit[$name];
						$options = $this->getAllOptions($element);
						if (is_array($new_value)) {
							// Multiple select box.
							if (!empty($new_value)) {
								$index = 0;
								$key = preg_replace('/\[\]$/', '', $name);
								foreach ($options as $option) {
									$option_value = (string) $option['value'];
									if (in_array($option_value, $new_value)) {
										$post[$key . '[' . $index++ . ']'] = $option_value;
										$done = TRUE;
										unset($edit[$name]);
									}
								}
							}
							else {
								// No options selected: do not include any POST data for the
								// element.
								$done = TRUE;
								unset($edit[$name]);
							}
						}
						else {
							// Single select box.
							foreach ($options as $option) {
								if ($new_value == $option['value']) {
									$post[$name] = $new_value;
									unset($edit[$name]);
									$done = TRUE;
									break;
								}
							}
						}
						break;
					case 'file':
						$upload[$name] = $edit[$name];
						unset($edit[$name]);
						break;
				}
			}
			if (!isset($post[$name]) && !$done) {
				switch ($type) {
					case 'textarea':
						$post[$name] = (string) $element;
						break;
					case 'select':
						$single = empty($element['multiple']);
						$first = TRUE;
						$index = 0;
						$key = preg_replace('/\[\]$/', '', $name);
						$options = $this->getAllOptions($element);
						foreach ($options as $option) {
							// For single select, we load the first option, if there is a
							// selected option that will overwrite it later.
							if ($option['selected'] || ($first && $single)) {
								$first = FALSE;
								if ($single) {
									$post[$name] = (string) $option['value'];
								}
								else {
									$post[$key . '[' . $index++ . ']'] = (string) $option['value'];
								}
							}
						}
						break;
					case 'file':
						break;
					case 'submit':
					case 'image':
						if (isset($submit) && $submit == $value) {
							$post[$name] = $value;
							$submit_matches = TRUE;
						}
						break;
					case 'radio':
					case 'checkbox':
						if (!isset($element['checked'])) {
							break;
						}
						// Deliberate no break.
					default:
						$post[$name] = $value;
				}
			}
		}
		return $submit_matches;
	}

	/**
	 * Builds an XPath query.
	 *
	 * Builds an XPath query by replacing placeholders in the query by the value
	 * of the arguments.
	 *
	 * XPath 1.0 (the version supported by libxml2, the underlying XML library
	 * used by PHP) doesn't support any form of quotation. This function
	 * simplifies the building of XPath expression.
	 *
	 * @param $xpath
	 *   An XPath query, possibly with placeholders in the form ':name'.
	 * @param $args
	 *   An array of arguments with keys in the form ':name' matching the
	 *   placeholders in the query. The values may be either strings or numeric
	 *   values.
	 * @return
	 *   An XPath query with arguments replaced.
	 */
	protected function buildXPathQuery($xpath, array $args = array()) {
		// Replace placeholders.
		foreach ($args as $placeholder => $value) {
			// XPath 1.0 doesn't support a way to escape single or double quotes in a
			// string literal. We split double quotes out of the string, and encode
			// them separately.
			if (is_string($value)) {
				// Explode the text at the quote characters.
				$parts = explode('"', $value);

				// Quote the parts.
				foreach ($parts as &$part) {
					$part = '"' . $part . '"';
				}

				// Return the string.
				$value = count($parts) > 1 ? 'concat(' . implode(', \'"\', ', $parts) . ')' : $parts[0];
			}
			$xpath = preg_replace('/' . preg_quote($placeholder) . '\b/', $value, $xpath);
		}
		return $xpath;
	}

	/**
	 * Perform an xpath search on the contents of the internal browser. The search
	 * is relative to the root element (HTML tag normally) of the page.
	 *
	 * @param $xpath
	 *   The xpath string to use in the search.
	 * @return
	 *   The return value of the xpath search. For details on the xpath string
	 *   format and return values see the SimpleXML documentation,
	 *   http://us.php.net/manual/function.simplexml-element-xpath.php.
	 */
	protected function xpath($xpath, array $arguments = array()) {
		if ($this->parse()) {
			$xpath = $this->buildXPathQuery($xpath, $arguments);
			$result = $this->elements->xpath($xpath);
			// Some combinations of PHP / libxml versions return an empty array
			// instead of the documented FALSE. Forcefully convert any falsish values
			// to an empty array to allow foreach(...) constructions.
			return $result ? $result : array();
		}
		else {
			return FALSE;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get all option elements, including nested options, in a select.
	 *
	 * @param $element
	 *   The element for which to get the options.
	 * @return
	 *   Option elements in select.
	 */
	protected function getAllOptions(SimpleXMLElement $element) {
		$options = array();
		// Add all options items.
		foreach ($element->option as $option) {
			$options[] = $option;
		}

		// Search option group children.
		if (isset($element->optgroup)) {
			foreach ($element->optgroup as $group) {
				$options = array_merge($options, $this->getAllOptions($group));
			}
		}
		return $options;
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if a link with the specified label is found, and optional with the
	 * specified index.
	 *
	 * @param $label
	 *   Text between the anchor tags.
	 * @param $index
	 *   Link position counting from zero.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertLink($label, $index = 0, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$links = $this->xpath('//a[normalize-space(text())=:label]', array(':label' => $label));
		$message = ($message ?  $message : t('Link with label %label found.', array('%label' => $label)));
		return $this->assert(isset($links[$index]), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if a link with the specified label is not found.
	 *
	 * @param $label
	 *   Text between the anchor tags.
	 * @param $index
	 *   Link position counting from zero.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNoLink($label, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$links = $this->xpath('//a[normalize-space(text())=:label]', array(':label' => $label));
		$message = ($message ?  $message : t('Link with label %label not found.', array('%label' => $label)));
		return $this->assert(empty($links), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if a link containing a given href (part) is found.
	 *
	 * @param $href
	 *   The full or partial value of the 'href' attribute of the anchor tag.
	 * @param $index
	 *   Link position counting from zero.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertLinkByHref($href, $index = 0, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$links = $this->xpath('//a[contains(@href, :href)]', array(':href' => $href));
		$message = ($message ?  $message : t('Link containing href %href found.', array('%href' => $href)));
		return $this->assert(isset($links[$index]), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if a link containing a given href (part) is not found.
	 *
	 * @param $href
	 *   The full or partial value of the 'href' attribute of the anchor tag.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE if the assertion succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
	 */
	protected function assertNoLinkByHref($href, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$links = $this->xpath('//a[contains(@href, :href)]', array(':href' => $href));
		$message = ($message ?  $message : t('No link containing href %href found.', array('%href' => $href)));
		return $this->assert(empty($links), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Follows a link by name.
	 *
	 * Will click the first link found with this link text by default, or a
	 * later one if an index is given. Match is case insensitive with
	 * normalized space. The label is translated label. There is an assert
	 * for successful click.
	 *
	 * @param $label
	 *   Text between the anchor tags.
	 * @param $index
	 *   Link position counting from zero.
	 * @return
	 *   Page on success, or FALSE on failure.
	 */
	protected function clickLink($label, $index = 0) {
		$url_before = $this->getUrl();
		$urls = $this->xpath('//a[normalize-space(text())=:label]', array(':label' => $label));

		if (isset($urls[$index])) {
			$url_target = $this->getAbsoluteUrl($urls[$index]['href']);
		}

		$this->assertTrue(isset($urls[$index]), t('Clicked link %label (@url_target) from @url_before', array('%label' => $label, '@url_target' => $url_target, '@url_before' => $url_before)), t('Browser'));

		if (isset($url_target)) {
			return $this->drupalGet($url_target);
		}
		return FALSE;
	}

	/**
	 * Takes a path and returns an absolute path.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   A path from the internal browser content.
	 * @return
	 *   The $path with $base_url prepended, if necessary.
	 */
	protected function getAbsoluteUrl($path) {
		global $base_url, $base_path;

		$parts = parse_url($path);
		if (empty($parts['host'])) {
			// Ensure that we have a string (and no xpath object).
			$path = (string) $path;
			// Strip $base_path, if existent.
			$length = strlen($base_path);
			if (substr($path, 0, $length) === $base_path) {
				$path = substr($path, $length);
			}
			// Ensure that we have an absolute path.
			if ($path[0] !== '/') {
				$path = '/' . $path;
			}
			// Finally, prepend the $base_url.
			$path = $base_url . $path;
		}
		return $path;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current url from the cURL handler.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   The current url.
	 */
	protected function getUrl() {
		return $this->url;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the HTTP response headers of the requested page. Normally we are only
	 * interested in the headers returned by the last request. However, if a page
	 * is redirected or HTTP authentication is in use, multiple requests will be
	 * required to retrieve the page. Headers from all requests may be requested
	 * by passing TRUE to this function.
	 *
	 * @param $all_requests
	 *   Boolean value specifying whether to return headers from all requests
	 *   instead of just the last request. Defaults to FALSE.
	 * @return
	 *   A name/value array if headers from only the last request are requested.
	 *   If headers from all requests are requested, an array of name/value
	 *   arrays, one for each request.
	 *
	 *   The pseudonym ":status" is used for the HTTP status line.
	 *
	 *   Values for duplicate headers are stored as a single comma-separated list.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetHeaders($all_requests = FALSE) {
		$request = 0;
		$headers = array($request => array());
		foreach ($this->headers as $header) {
			$header = trim($header);
			if ($header === '') {
				$request++;
			}
			else {
				if (strpos($header, 'HTTP/') === 0) {
					$name = ':status';
					$value = $header;
				}
				else {
					list($name, $value) = explode(':', $header, 2);
					$name = strtolower($name);
				}
				if (isset($headers[$request][$name])) {
					$headers[$request][$name] .= ',' . trim($value);
				}
				else {
					$headers[$request][$name] = trim($value);
				}
			}
		}
		if (!$all_requests) {
			$headers = array_pop($headers);
		}
		return $headers;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the value of an HTTP response header. If multiple requests were
	 * required to retrieve the page, only the headers from the last request will
	 * be checked by default. However, if TRUE is passed as the second argument,
	 * all requests will be processed from last to first until the header is
	 * found.
	 *
	 * @param $name
	 *   The name of the header to retrieve. Names are case-insensitive (see RFC
	 *   2616 section 4.2).
	 * @param $all_requests
	 *   Boolean value specifying whether to check all requests if the header is
	 *   not found in the last request. Defaults to FALSE.
	 * @return
	 *   The HTTP header value or FALSE if not found.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetHeader($name, $all_requests = FALSE) {
		$name = strtolower($name);
		$header = FALSE;
		if ($all_requests) {
			foreach (array_reverse($this->drupalGetHeaders(TRUE)) as $headers) {
				if (isset($headers[$name])) {
					$header = $headers[$name];
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			$headers = $this->drupalGetHeaders();
			if (isset($headers[$name])) {
				$header = $headers[$name];
			}
		}
		return $header;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the current raw HTML of requested page.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetContent() {
		return $this->content;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the value of the Drupal.settings JavaScript variable for the currently loaded page.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetSettings() {
		return $this->drupalSettings;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets an array containing all e-mails sent during this test case.
	 *
	 * @param $filter
	 *   An array containing key/value pairs used to filter the e-mails that are returned.
	 * @return
	 *   An array containing e-mail messages captured during the current test.
	 */
	protected function drupalGetMails($filter = array()) {
		$captured_emails = variable_get('drupal_test_email_collector', array());
		$filtered_emails = array();

		foreach ($captured_emails as $message) {
			foreach ($filter as $key => $value) {
				if (!isset($message[$key]) || $message[$key] != $value) {
					continue 2;
				}
			}
			$filtered_emails[] = $message;
		}

		return $filtered_emails;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the raw HTML content. This can be useful when a page has been fetched
	 * outside of the internal browser and assertions need to be made on the
	 * returned page.
	 *
	 * A good example would be when testing drupal_http_request(). After fetching
	 * the page the content can be set and page elements can be checked to ensure
	 * that the function worked properly.
	 */
	protected function drupalSetContent($content, $url = 'internal:') {
		$this->content = $content;
		$this->url = $url;
		$this->plainTextContent = FALSE;
		$this->elements = FALSE;
		$this->drupalSettings = array();
		if (preg_match('/jQuery\.extend\(Drupal\.settings, (.*?)\);/', $content, $matches)) {
			$this->drupalSettings = drupal_json_decode($matches[1]);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the value of the Drupal.settings JavaScript variable for the currently loaded page.
	 */
	protected function drupalSetSettings($settings) {
		$this->drupalSettings = $settings;
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the internal browser's URL matches the given path.
	 *
	 * @param $path
	 *   The expected system path.
	 * @param $options
	 *   (optional) Any additional options to pass for $path to url().
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertUrl($path, array $options = array(), $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Current URL is @url.', array(
					'@url' => var_export(url($path, $options), TRUE),
			));
		}
		$options['absolute'] = TRUE;
		return $this->assertEqual($this->getUrl(), url($path, $options), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the raw text IS found on the loaded page, fail otherwise. Raw text
	 * refers to the raw HTML that the page generated.
	 *
	 * @param $raw
	 *   Raw (HTML) string to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertRaw($raw, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Raw "@raw" found', array('@raw' => $raw));
		}
		return $this->assert(strpos($this->drupalGetContent(), $raw) !== FALSE, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the raw text is NOT found on the loaded page, fail otherwise. Raw text
	 * refers to the raw HTML that the page generated.
	 *
	 * @param $raw
	 *   Raw (HTML) string to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoRaw($raw, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Raw "@raw" not found', array('@raw' => $raw));
		}
		return $this->assert(strpos($this->drupalGetContent(), $raw) === FALSE, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the text IS found on the text version of the page. The text version
	 * is the equivalent of what a user would see when viewing through a web browser.
	 * In other words the HTML has been filtered out of the contents.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertText($text, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertTextHelper($text, $message, $group, FALSE);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the text is NOT found on the text version of the page. The text version
	 * is the equivalent of what a user would see when viewing through a web browser.
	 * In other words the HTML has been filtered out of the contents.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoText($text, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertTextHelper($text, $message, $group, TRUE);
	}

	/**
	 * Helper for assertText and assertNoText.
	 *
	 * It is not recommended to call this function directly.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @param $not_exists
	 *   TRUE if this text should not exist, FALSE if it should.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertTextHelper($text, $message = '', $group, $not_exists) {
		if ($this->plainTextContent === FALSE) {
			$this->plainTextContent = filter_xss($this->drupalGetContent(), array());
		}
		if (!$message) {
			$message = !$not_exists ? t('"@text" found', array('@text' => $text)) : t('"@text" not found', array('@text' => $text));
		}
		return $this->assert($not_exists == (strpos($this->plainTextContent, $text) === FALSE), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the text is found ONLY ONCE on the text version of the page.
	 *
	 * The text version is the equivalent of what a user would see when viewing
	 * through a web browser. In other words the HTML has been filtered out of
	 * the contents.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertUniqueText($text, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertUniqueTextHelper($text, $message, $group, TRUE);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the text is found MORE THAN ONCE on the text version of the page.
	 *
	 * The text version is the equivalent of what a user would see when viewing
	 * through a web browser. In other words the HTML has been filtered out of
	 * the contents.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to, defaults to 'Other'.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoUniqueText($text, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertUniqueTextHelper($text, $message, $group, FALSE);
	}

	/**
	 * Helper for assertUniqueText and assertNoUniqueText.
	 *
	 * It is not recommended to call this function directly.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *   Plain text to look for.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @param $be_unique
	 *   TRUE if this text should be found only once, FALSE if it should be found more than once.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertUniqueTextHelper($text, $message = '', $group, $be_unique) {
		if ($this->plainTextContent === FALSE) {
			$this->plainTextContent = filter_xss($this->drupalGetContent(), array());
		}
		if (!$message) {
			$message = '"' . $text . '"' . ($be_unique ? ' found only once' : ' found more than once');
		}
		$first_occurance = strpos($this->plainTextContent, $text);
		if ($first_occurance === FALSE) {
			return $this->assert(FALSE, $message, $group);
		}
		$offset = $first_occurance + strlen($text);
		$second_occurance = strpos($this->plainTextContent, $text, $offset);
		return $this->assert($be_unique == ($second_occurance === FALSE), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Will trigger a pass if the Perl regex pattern is found in the raw content.
	 *
	 * @param $pattern
	 *   Perl regex to look for including the regex delimiters.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertPattern($pattern, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Pattern "@pattern" found', array('@pattern' => $pattern));
		}
		return $this->assert((bool) preg_match($pattern, $this->drupalGetContent()), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Will trigger a pass if the perl regex pattern is not present in raw content.
	 *
	 * @param $pattern
	 *   Perl regex to look for including the regex delimiters.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoPattern($pattern, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Pattern "@pattern" not found', array('@pattern' => $pattern));
		}
		return $this->assert(!preg_match($pattern, $this->drupalGetContent()), $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the page title is the given string.
	 *
	 * @param $title
	 *   The string the title should be.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertTitle($title, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$actual = (string) current($this->xpath('//title'));
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Page title @actual is equal to @expected.', array(
					'@actual' => var_export($actual, TRUE),
					'@expected' => var_export($title, TRUE),
			));
		}
		return $this->assertEqual($actual, $title, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Pass if the page title is not the given string.
	 *
	 * @param $title
	 *   The string the title should not be.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoTitle($title, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$actual = (string) current($this->xpath('//title'));
		if (!$message) {
			$message = t('Page title @actual is not equal to @unexpected.', array(
					'@actual' => var_export($actual, TRUE),
					'@unexpected' => var_export($title, TRUE),
			));
		}
		return $this->assertNotEqual($actual, $title, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field exists in the current page by the given XPath.
	 *
	 * @param $xpath
	 *   XPath used to find the field.
	 * @param $value
	 *   (optional) Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   (optional) Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   (optional) The group this message belongs to.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertFieldByXPath($xpath, $value = NULL, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$fields = $this->xpath($xpath);

		// If value specified then check array for match.
		$found = TRUE;
		if (isset($value)) {
			$found = FALSE;
			if ($fields) {
				foreach ($fields as $field) {
					if (isset($field['value']) && $field['value'] == $value) {
						// Input element with correct value.
						$found = TRUE;
					}
					elseif (isset($field->option)) {
						// Select element found.
						if ($this->getSelectedItem($field) == $value) {
							$found = TRUE;
						}
						else {
							// No item selected so use first item.
							$items = $this->getAllOptions($field);
							if (!empty($items) && $items[0]['value'] == $value) {
								$found = TRUE;
							}
						}
					}
					elseif ((string) $field == $value) {
						// Text area with correct text.
						$found = TRUE;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return $this->assertTrue($fields && $found, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the selected value from a select field.
	 *
	 * @param $element
	 *   SimpleXMLElement select element.
	 * @return
	 *   The selected value or FALSE.
	 */
	protected function getSelectedItem(SimpleXMLElement $element) {
		foreach ($element->children() as $item) {
			if (isset($item['selected'])) {
				return $item['value'];
			}
			elseif ($item->getName() == 'optgroup') {
				if ($value = $this->getSelectedItem($item)) {
					return $value;
				}
			}
		}
		return FALSE;
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field does not exist in the current page by the given XPath.
	 *
	 * @param $xpath
	 *   XPath used to find the field.
	 * @param $value
	 *   (optional) Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   (optional) Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   (optional) The group this message belongs to.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoFieldByXPath($xpath, $value = NULL, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		$fields = $this->xpath($xpath);

		// If value specified then check array for match.
		$found = TRUE;
		if (isset($value)) {
			$found = FALSE;
			if ($fields) {
				foreach ($fields as $field) {
					if ($field['value'] == $value) {
						$found = TRUE;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return $this->assertFalse($fields && $found, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field exists in the current page with the given name and value.
	 *
	 * @param $name
	 *   Name of field to assert.
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertFieldByName($name, $value = NULL, $message = NULL) {
		if (!isset($message)) {
			if (!isset($value)) {
				$message = t('Found field with name @name', array(
						'@name' => var_export($name, TRUE),
				));
			}
			else {
				$message = t('Found field with name @name and value @value', array(
						'@name' => var_export($name, TRUE),
						'@value' => var_export($value, TRUE),
				));
			}
		}
		return $this->assertFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('name', $name), $value, $message, t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field does not exist with the given name and value.
	 *
	 * @param $name
	 *   Name of field to assert.
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoFieldByName($name, $value = '', $message = '') {
		return $this->assertNoFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('name', $name), $value, $message ? $message : t('Did not find field by name @name', array('@name' => $name)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field exists in the current page with the given id and value.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of field to assert.
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertFieldById($id, $value = '', $message = '') {
		return $this->assertFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('id', $id), $value, $message ? $message : t('Found field by id @id', array('@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field does not exist with the given id and value.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of field to assert.
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoFieldById($id, $value = '', $message = '') {
		return $this->assertNoFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('id', $id), $value, $message ? $message : t('Did not find field by id @id', array('@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a checkbox field in the current page is checked.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertFieldChecked($id, $message = '') {
		$elements = $this->xpath('//input[@id=:id]', array(':id' => $id));
		return $this->assertTrue(isset($elements[0]) && !empty($elements[0]['checked']), $message ? $message : t('Checkbox field @id is checked.', array('@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a checkbox field in the current page is not checked.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoFieldChecked($id, $message = '') {
		$elements = $this->xpath('//input[@id=:id]', array(':id' => $id));
		return $this->assertTrue(isset($elements[0]) && empty($elements[0]['checked']), $message ? $message : t('Checkbox field @id is not checked.', array('@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a select option in the current page is checked.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of select field to assert.
	 * @param $option
	 *   Option to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 *
	 * @todo $id is unusable. Replace with $name.
	 */
	protected function assertOptionSelected($id, $option, $message = '') {
		$elements = $this->xpath('//select[@id=:id]//option[@value=:option]', array(':id' => $id, ':option' => $option));
		return $this->assertTrue(isset($elements[0]) && !empty($elements[0]['selected']), $message ? $message : t('Option @option for field @id is selected.', array('@option' => $option, '@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a select option in the current page is not checked.
	 *
	 * @param $id
	 *   Id of select field to assert.
	 * @param $option
	 *   Option to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoOptionSelected($id, $option, $message = '') {
		$elements = $this->xpath('//select[@id=:id]//option[@value=:option]', array(':id' => $id, ':option' => $option));
		return $this->assertTrue(isset($elements[0]) && empty($elements[0]['selected']), $message ? $message : t('Option @option for field @id is not selected.', array('@option' => $option, '@id' => $id)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field exists with the given name or id.
	 *
	 * @param $field
	 *   Name or id of field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertField($field, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('name', $field) . '|' . $this->constructFieldXpath('id', $field), NULL, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that a field does not exist with the given name or id.
	 *
	 * @param $field
	 *   Name or id of field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoField($field, $message = '', $group = 'Other') {
		return $this->assertNoFieldByXPath($this->constructFieldXpath('name', $field) . '|' . $this->constructFieldXpath('id', $field), NULL, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that each HTML ID is used for just a single element.
	 *
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @param $group
	 *   The group this message belongs to.
	 * @param $ids_to_skip
	 *   An optional array of ids to skip when checking for duplicates. It is
	 *   always a bug to have duplicate HTML IDs, so this parameter is to enable
	 *   incremental fixing of core code. Whenever a test passes this parameter,
	 *   it should add a "todo" comment above the call to this function explaining
	 *   the legacy bug that the test wishes to ignore and including a link to an
	 *   issue that is working to fix that legacy bug.
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertNoDuplicateIds($message = '', $group = 'Other', $ids_to_skip = array()) {
		$status = TRUE;
		foreach ($this->xpath('//*[@id]') as $element) {
			$id = (string) $element['id'];
			if (isset($seen_ids[$id]) && !in_array($id, $ids_to_skip)) {
				$this->fail(t('The HTML ID %id is unique.', array('%id' => $id)), $group);
				$status = FALSE;
			}
			$seen_ids[$id] = TRUE;
		}
		return $this->assert($status, $message, $group);
	}

	/**
	 * Helper function: construct an XPath for the given set of attributes and value.
	 *
	 * @param $attribute
	 *   Field attributes.
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of field.
	 * @return
	 *   XPath for specified values.
	 */
	protected function constructFieldXpath($attribute, $value) {
		$xpath = '//textarea[@' . $attribute . '=:value]|//input[@' . $attribute . '=:value]|//select[@' . $attribute . '=:value]';
		return $this->buildXPathQuery($xpath, array(':value' => $value));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts the page responds with the specified response code.
	 *
	 * @param $code
	 *   Response code. For example 200 is a successful page request. For a list
	 *   of all codes see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 * @return
	 *   Assertion result.
	 */
	protected function assertResponse($code, $message = '') {
		$curl_code = curl_getinfo($this->curlHandle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
		$match = is_array($code) ? in_array($curl_code, $code) : $curl_code == $code;
		return $this->assertTrue($match, $message ? $message : t('HTTP response expected !code, actual !curl_code', array('!code' => $code, '!curl_code' => $curl_code)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts the page did not return the specified response code.
	 *
	 * @param $code
	 *   Response code. For example 200 is a successful page request. For a list
	 *   of all codes see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   Assertion result.
	 */
	protected function assertNoResponse($code, $message = '') {
		$curl_code = curl_getinfo($this->curlHandle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
		$match = is_array($code) ? in_array($curl_code, $code) : $curl_code == $code;
		return $this->assertFalse($match, $message ? $message : t('HTTP response not expected !code, actual !curl_code', array('!code' => $code, '!curl_code' => $curl_code)), t('Browser'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that the most recently sent e-mail message has the given value.
	 *
	 * The field in $name must have the content described in $value.
	 *
	 * @param $name
	 *   Name of field or message property to assert. Examples: subject, body, id, ...
	 * @param $value
	 *   Value of the field to assert.
	 * @param $message
	 *   Message to display.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertMail($name, $value = '', $message = '') {
		$captured_emails = variable_get('drupal_test_email_collector', array());
		$email = end($captured_emails);
		return $this->assertTrue($email && isset($email[$name]) && $email[$name] == $value, $message, t('E-mail'));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that the most recently sent e-mail message has the string in it.
	 *
	 * @param $field_name
	 *   Name of field or message property to assert: subject, body, id, ...
	 * @param $string
	 *   String to search for.
	 * @param $email_depth
	 *   Number of emails to search for string, starting with most recent.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertMailString($field_name, $string, $email_depth) {
		$mails = $this->drupalGetMails();
		$string_found = FALSE;
		for ($i = sizeof($mails) -1; $i >= sizeof($mails) - $email_depth && $i >= 0; $i--) {
			$mail = $mails[$i];
			// Normalize whitespace, as we don't know what the mail system might have
			// done. Any run of whitespace becomes a single space.
			$normalized_mail = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $mail[$field_name]);
			$normalized_string = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $string);
			$string_found = (FALSE !== strpos($normalized_mail, $normalized_string));
			if ($string_found) {
				break;
			}
		}
		return $this->assertTrue($string_found, t('Expected text found in @field of email message: "@expected".', array('@field' => $field_name, '@expected' => $string)));
	}

	/**
	 * Asserts that the most recently sent e-mail message has the pattern in it.
	 *
	 * @param $field_name
	 *   Name of field or message property to assert: subject, body, id, ...
	 * @param $regex
	 *   Pattern to search for.
	 *
	 * @return
	 *   TRUE on pass, FALSE on fail.
	 */
	protected function assertMailPattern($field_name, $regex, $message) {
		$mails = $this->drupalGetMails();
		$mail = end($mails);
		$regex_found = preg_match("/$regex/", $mail[$field_name]);
		return $this->assertTrue($regex_found, t('Expected text found in @field of email message: "@expected".', array('@field' => $field_name, '@expected' => $regex)));
	}

	/**
	 * Outputs to verbose the most recent $count emails sent.
	 *
	 * @param $count
	 *   Optional number of emails to output.
	 */
	protected function verboseEmail($count = 1) {
		$mails = $this->drupalGetMails();
		for ($i = sizeof($mails) -1; $i >= sizeof($mails) - $count && $i >= 0; $i--) {
			$mail = $mails[$i];
			$this->verbose(t('Email:') . '<pre>' . print_r($mail, TRUE) . '</pre>');
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Logs verbose message in a text file.
 *
 * If verbose mode is enabled then page requests will be dumped to a file and
 * presented on the test result screen. The messages will be placed in a file
 * located in the simpletest directory in the original file system.
 *
 * @param $message
 *   The verbose message to be stored.
 * @param $original_file_directory
 *   The original file directory, before it was changed for testing purposes.
 * @param $test_class
 *   The active test case class.
 *
 * @return
 *   The ID of the message to be placed in related assertion messages.
 *
 * @see DrupalTestCase->originalFileDirectory
 * @see DrupalWebTestCase->verbose()
 */
function simpletest_verbose($message, $original_file_directory = NULL, $test_class = NULL) {
	static $file_directory = NULL, $class = NULL, $id = 1, $verbose = NULL;

	// Will pass first time during setup phase, and when verbose is TRUE.
	if (!isset($original_file_directory) && !$verbose) {
		return FALSE;
	}

	if ($message && $file_directory) {
		$message = '<hr />ID #' . $id . ' (<a href="' . $class . '-' . ($id - 1) . '.html">Previous</a> | <a href="' . $class . '-' . ($id + 1) . '.html">Next</a>)<hr />' . $message;
		file_put_contents($file_directory . "/simpletest/verbose/$class-$id.html", $message, FILE_APPEND);
		return $id++;
	}

	if ($original_file_directory) {
		$file_directory = $original_file_directory;
		$class = $test_class;
		$verbose = variable_get('simpletest_verbose', TRUE);
		$directory = $file_directory . '/simpletest/verbose';
		$writable = file_prepare_directory($directory, FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY);
		if ($writable && !file_exists($directory . '/.htaccess')) {
			file_put_contents($directory . '/.htaccess', "<IfModule mod_expires.c>\nExpiresActive Off\n</IfModule>\n");
		}
		return $writable;
	}
	return FALSE;
}
